IntroductionChina is intensifying efforts to use its digital yuan as a tool to promote a multi-polar global currency order. The strategy reflects Beijing’s long-standing goal of reducing reliance on the US dollar in international trade and financial settlements. By leveraging central bank digital
The state’s central bank digital currency strategy and its impact on global trade. China’s central bank digital currency (CBDC), the digital yuan, has moved from pilot projects to broader implementation, reshaping both domestic finance and global trade dynamics. By 2025, the digital yuan
How Beijing leverages BRICS expansion to challenge dollar dominance and promote financial alternatives. A Bigger BRICS In 2024, the BRICS bloc Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa expanded to include new members such as Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and the UAE, creating what
A data-driven look at BRI loans, defaults, and the global debate around “debt traps.” The Debt Trap Narrative Since the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013, critics have accused Beijing of practicing “debt trap diplomacy” offering loans to developing
